P, Q, R iyo →t

Saddexda qalooc ee islaydhka ku yaal waxay muujinayaan saddex bed oo ka mid ah qalooca caadiga ah. waa $\displaystyle P$ ee $\displaystyle t$: bedka dhanka bidix ee $\displaystyle t$. waa $\displaystyle Q$ ee $\displaystyle t$: bedka u dhexeeya $\displaystyle 0$ iyo $\displaystyle t$. waa $\displaystyle R$ ee $\displaystyle t$: bedka dhanka midig ee $\displaystyle t$. wuxuu caadiyeeyaa qiimaha $\displaystyle x$: wuxuu ka jaraa celceliska oo u qaybiyaa leexashada caadiga ah ee bulshada. Jawaabuhu waxay leeyihiin lix meelood oo tobanle ah.